Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific FRAMEWORK derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical FRAMEWORK to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

Background: Different fields of sciences relate to lifestyle due to the interdisciplinary nature of it. This article was compiled to provide a study FRAMEWORK for Iranian Islamic lifestyle issues in the field of health. Methods: The research method is documentary and analytical. Existing documents on a healthy Iranian Islamic lifestyle were extracted and analyzed. Then the proposed FRAMEWORK was presented. Results: The proposed FRAMEWORK consists of five sections: topics and subjects, audience, methodology, corrective interventions and pilot intervention. Conclusion: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK can help to share common understanding of issues and adopt co-directional perspectives in lifestyle studies.

Problem statement: The present study was conducted to answer how the concept of civic landscape can be realized. The civic landscape has incorporated democratic attitudes into urban landscape design and planning. Civilization, as a political-social discourse, is a way of creating a shared space for individuals to communicate on the basis of differences and disagreements. Landscape, as an interdisciplinary nature, inherently reflects the extent and limitations of social justice in space. Thus, explaining the concept of civic landscape does not mean providing an absolute definition, but seeking the factors that make the concept of civilization in space in general, and landscape in particular meaningful. Research objective: The purpose of this study is to explain a CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK of civic landscape based on ideas and concepts of civilization in landscape architecture. Research method: This is a descriptive-analytical study which has used the library method in collecting information. With the help of content analysis, the main concepts of the research are categorized and adapted to the concepts of landscape. Thus, at the first stage, the relationship between space and dimensions of civic society, and then the opportunities and constraints that may strengthen or weaken political-social discourse in the process of space planning are analyzed. Next, the place of society in the landscape design process is questioned by how democratic and social activities along with professional knowledge of environmental planning are needed. Finally, inspired by the three principles of civic society, the dimensions of the civic landscape are explained. Conclusion: Inspired by the three dimensions of civic society (public opinions, institutions, movements), the civic landscape is divided into three characteristics that are compatible with the principles of civilization in terms of purpose, structure and concept. From this perspective, the purpose of civic landscape is the act of civilization, its structure is social construction, its concept is the concerns and ideals of civic society.

Financing has always been one of the main challenges for the creation and development of startups and small & medium enterprises. Entrepreneurs are also reluctant to allocate all their resources to innovative projects. Furthermore, investors are unwilling to invest on these projects due to insufficient funding, inadequate cash flow and information asymmetry. In spite of numerous studies on entrepreneurship locally and globally, few studies have been conducted on entrepreneurship finance. In this paper, we have identified 36 factors, including 11 components by reviewing the procedures, theories and CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKs of entrepreneurship finance. Likewise, financing challenges of entrepreneurs and risky investors were surveyed using a questionnaire consisting a 5-point Likert scale. In order to develop a CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK for entrepreneurship finance in Iran aimed at improving the access of entrepreneurs to financial resources, the researchers then assessed these factors by surveying expert opinion polls and Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique. The results of this fundamental research indicate that 9 factors, namely the personality traits and entrepreneurial personal abilities, legal protections, state governance, capital market depth, financing tools, characteristics of entrepreneurial activity, business environment and financing eco-system relations have been significant in explaining entrepreneurs' access to financial resources.

This study provides a CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK for management accounting training that is rooted in the organizational economics literature and in which management accounting is viewed as a response to the lack of aspects of market transactions in organizations. In general, management accounting methods can be classified as the following tools: coordinating the supply and demand of resources in the absence of prices, measuring resource consumption due to asymmetry in the cost function and controlling the resources used when asset ownership is beyond their control. This CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK not only gives to the management accounting an intellectual cohesion, but also enables it to express its diverse subjects in a logical method.

Human’s way of life is placing an increasing burden on the planet. We are damaging the natural environment and imposing on the nature for excess of needs dictated by ecological and biological dimensions. This implies, damaging the life of the next generations and negating the principles of sustainable development. Humans detrimental behavior is based on principles of growth paradigm, in which, human comsumption patterns have negative effects on the environment. The current model of development is unsustainable and can not secure the future of human beings on the planet.This article identifies similarities and differences of the paradigms of growth and sustainability. The main contribution of the article is to develop a new CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKs for sustainable development by including political parameter as an extra dimension and presenting two CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKs:1) for humans and eco-systems wellbeing and 2) for the process of change.